Male Reproductive system
Reproduction is a process in which human and other living things can produce young ones of their own kind.
FUNCTION OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system can be classified into three main parts:
1. A pair of testes (or gonads)
2. Ducts system and accessory glands
3. A penis (external genitalia)
1. TESTES
Testes occur in pair. Each testis is Oval shape structure, both lie outside the body. in a sac-like structure called "Scrotum", convoluted tubules present called "Semineferous tubule".
Function of testes
SPERMATOGENESIS
The formation of sperms in the walls of seminiferous tubule is called spermatogenesis. The germ cells (or spermatogonia) are outermost cells of seminiferous tubules. During the development of sperms the cells are nourished by a fluid secreted by special cells called "Sertoli cells" present in valves of semineferous tubules. Each Sperm or spermatozoa is a haploid cell.
SHAPE OF SPERM
Sperm has head, neck, mid piece and a tail (flagellum). At the top of head is acrosome that has hydrolyic enzymes for entry into the ovum. The mid piece has many mitechondria. About 400-500 million sperms are produced each day in normal male.
2. DUCT SYSTEM AND ACCESSORY GLANDS
The accessory ducts include:
i) Vasa efferentia
ii) Epididymis
iii) Vas deferens
iv) Ejaculatory duct
v) Urethra
i) Function of Vasa efferentia
About 10-20 Vasa efferentia collect sperms from inside the testes and transfer them to the epididymis.
ii) Function of Epididymis
Its function are the transports and storage of the sperms for some days.
iii) Function of Vas deferens
Its work is to store sperms.
iv) Ejaculatory duct
Its function is to receive contents from vas deturens, seminal vesicle and prostatic secretions.
v) Function of urethra
Urethra is connected with both the sperm duct and urinary bladder.
Accessory glands and its function in Male reproductive system
Three different glands secrete their secretions in sperm duct present different locations, the secretions mostly whitish in colour called "seminal fluid". The sperm and fluid collectively called "Semen". The semen is slightly alkaline. It's pH is 7.2 to 7.6. The three accessory glands are:
i). Seminal vesicle
Help to activate spem swimming by providing food and also neutralize the acidic fluid of vagina. It form about 65-70% of the seminal fluid.
ii). Prostaglandin
It suppress immune response to semen in female body, decrease and viscosity of cervix and stimulate reverse peristalsis in uterus.
iii). Prostate gland
Prostate gland neutrilize acidity of sperms from vas deferns. It also neutrilize vaginal acidity.
3. External genitalia (Penis)
The penis is the reproductive organ used to pass sperms to female reproductive organ at the time of copulation.
The release of semen from body is called "Ejaculation".
TESTOSTERONE AND OTHER MALE SEX HORMONES
The different hormones that control the male reproductive system includes:
i) GnRH
ii) Gonadotrophin (FSH and LH)
iii) Testosterone
iv) Inhibin
i) GnRH
The secretion of Gonadotrophin from pituitary gland is controlled by GnRH.
ii) Gonadotrophin
The anterior pituitary gland secretes LH and FSH (collectively called Gonadotrophin). FSH hormone controls the sperm productions in semineferous tubules, while LH controls the testosterone production by interstitial cells.
iii) Interstitial cells (or Leyden cells)
This present in between the semineferous tubules which secrete a hormone called "Testosterone". Testosterone controls the secondary sexual characters of male at maturity. It also helps in sperm production.
Inhibin is secreted by Sertoli cells present in walls of seminiferous
iv) Inhibin
It is secreted by Sertoli cells present in walls of seminiferous tubule. It also controls the normal rate of spermatogenesis. Inhibin tubules
specially decrease the secretion of FSH from pituitary gland.
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